Latin for Students
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Personal pronouns

A personal pronoun represents... well, a person. Obviously.

In English, personal pronouns are words like I, you, we, me, he, she, and it. 

I should mention that in Latin, you will only see a personal pronoun as the subject of a verb when the author is trying to be emphatic. This is because the ending of the verb is like a pronoun to the reader - it tells the person and number of the subject. So, if an author writes ambulo (which means "I walk"), he doesn't need to use the pronoun ego (I) because the reader can already tell that the subject - the person doing the walking - is I from the verb ending -o.

First person singular pronoun - ego, mei

This represents words like I and me. (Latin is in bold and italic and the English translation is in regular font.)
Nominative
ego
​I
Genitive
mei
​of me, mine, my
Dative
mihi
​to/for me
Accusative
me
me
Ablative
me
by, with, from, (etc.) me
(Isn't that nice? In Latin, me means me! And the Latin word ego is where English gets the word ego!)

First person plural pronoun - nos, noster

This pronoun represents words like we and us. (I am giving the singular and plural separately because they look completely different and I've found that it's better to memorize them separately.)
Nominative
nos
we
Genitive
noster
of us, our/ours
Dative
nobis
to/for us
Accusative
nos
us
Ablative
nobis
by, with, from, (etc.) us

Second person singular pronoun - tu, tui

This pronoun represents words like you and yours.
Nominative
tu
you (subject of a verb)
Genitive
tui
of you, your/yours
Dative
tibi
​to/for you
Accusative
te
you (object of a verb)
Ablative
te
by, with, from, (etc.) you

Second person plural pronoun - vos, vester

This pronoun represents the word you in the plural form. Or, if you're from the South, like me, it means "y'all." In other parts of the U.S., it means "you guys," "you all" or something else. Different people have different ways of saying it, but the point is, it's what you call two or more people when you're talking to them.
Nominative
vos
you/y'all/you guys (as the subject of a verb)
Genitive
vester
of you/y'all/you guys, yours/y'all's/you guys'
Dative
vobis
​to/for you/y'all/you guys
Accusative
vos
you/y'all/you guys (object of a verb)
Ablative
vobis
by, with, from, (etc.) you/y'all/you guys

There are also five adjectives that come from the genitive forms of these pronouns. Make sure you know these!
  • meus, mea, meum: of me, my/mine
  • noster, nostra, nostrum: of us, our/ours
  • tuus, tua, tuum: of you, you/yours (singular)
  • vester, vestra, vestrum: of you/y'all/you guys, yours/y'all's/you guys'​

Third person pronoun - is, ea, id

This pronoun represents words like he, she, and it. You know whether to translate he, she, or it by looking at the antecedent - not the pronoun. This is because a feminine pronoun could be referring to a feminine word for an object, and likewise with a masculine pronoun. For example, the Latin word for "table," mensa, mensae, is feminine, but you would want to call a table "it," not "she." You also would want to refer to a shoe as "it," not "he" - the word for shoe, pes, pedis, is masculine. Luckily, a neuter pronoun always refers to a thing, so if you see a pronoun that you're sure is neuter, you can translate it as "it." And remember, the gender of the pronoun is always the same as the gender of the antecedent.

Singular

​
Masculine ♂
Feminine ♀
Neuter ⚲
Nominative
is
​​
​he (or it)
ea
​she (or it)
id
​it (subject of a verb)
Genitive
eius
his/its, of him/of it
eius
her/hers/its, of her/of it
eius
its, of it
Dative
​ei
to/for him (or it)
ei
to/for her (or it)
ei
to/for it
Accusative
eum
​him (or it)
eam
her (or it)
id
​it (object of a verb)
Ablative
eo
by, with, from etc. him (or it)
ea
by, with, from, etc. her (or it)
eo
by, with, from, etc. it

Plural

Notice that the plurals have the same endings as first and second declension nouns, with just the letter e as the stem. The masculine has the endings of second declension masculine; the feminine has the endings of first declension, which is almost always feminine; the neuter has the endings of second declension neuter. So, the plural is a lot easier! (The forms in the parentheses are how the pronouns could sometimes appear.)

Also, take note of this: 
  • The masculine plural refers to a group of either people or things with at least one man/boy or masculine thing in it. It doesn't matter if the group is all women except one man; grammatically, the group is still considered masculine. I know that's pretty sexist, but the Romans were sexist, just like pretty much every other ancient people group.
  • The feminine plural refers to a group that only consists of women/girls or feminine things. If there is a single man or masculine thing in the group, the group is considered masculine and is referred to by the masculine pronoun.
  • The neuter plural refers to a group that only consists of neuter things.
​
Masculine ♂
Feminine ♀
Neuter ⚲
Nominative
ei (ii)
​​
​them
eae
them 
ea
them / those things
Genitive
eorum
theirs/of them
earum
theirs/of them
eorum
theirs/of them, of those things
Dative
​eis (iis)
to/for them
eis (iis)
​​
to/for them
eis (iis)
to/for them or those things
Accusative
eos
them
eas
them
ea
them / those things
Ablative
eis (iis)
by, with, from, etc. them
eis (iis)
by, with, from, etc. them
eis (iis)
by, with, from, etc. them or those things
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  • Home
  • About
    • The Site
    • The Creator
  • Grammar
    • Nouns >
      • Case >
        • Nominative case
        • Genitive case
        • Vocative case
        • Locative case
      • Number
      • Gender
      • Declension >
        • First declension
        • Second declension
        • Third declension
        • Fourth declension
        • Fifth declension
    • Pronouns >
      • Personal pronouns
      • Relative pronouns
      • Interrogative pronouns
      • Demonstrative pronouns
      • Reflexive pronouns
    • Adjectives
    • Verbs >
      • Person + Number
      • Tense >
        • The imperfect tenses >
          • Present tense
          • Future tense
          • Imperfect tense
        • The perfect tenses >
          • Perfect tense
          • Pluperfect tense
          • Future perfect tense
      • Infinitives
    • Adverbs
    • Prepositions
    • Conjunctions
  • Helpful tips
    • Tips for memorizing vocabulary
    • Tips for translating
    • Scansion
  • Fun Stuff!
    • Latin insults
    • Names that come from Latin