Personal pronouns

A personal pronoun represents... well, a person. Obviously.

In English, personal pronouns are words like I, you, we, me, he, she, and it.

I should mention that in Latin, you will only see a personal pronoun as the subject of a verb when the author is trying to be emphatic. This is because the ending of the verb is like a pronoun to the reader - it tells the person and number of the subject. So, if an author writes ambulo (which means "I walk"), he doesn't need to use the pronoun ego (I) because the reader can already tell that the subject - the person doing the walking - is I from the verb ending -o.

First person singular pronoun - ego, mei

This represents words like I and me. (Latin is in bold and italic and the English translation is in regular font.)

Nominative	*ego* I
Genitive	*mei* of me, mine, my
Dative	mihi to/for me
Accusative	me me
Ablative	me by, with, from, (etc.) me

(Isn't that nice? In Latin, me means me! And the Latin word ego is where English gets the word ego!)

First person plural pronoun - nos, noster

This pronoun represents words like we and us. (I am giving the singular and plural separately because they look completely different and I've found that it's better to memorize them separately.)

Nominative	nos we
Genitive	noster of us, our/ours
Dative	nobis to/for us
Accusative	nos us
Ablative	nobis by, with, from, (etc.) us

Second person singular pronoun - tu, tui

This pronoun represents words like you and yours.

Nominative	tu you (subject of a verb)
Genitive	*tui* of you, your/yours
Dative	*tibi* to/for you
Accusative	te you (object of a verb)
Ablative	te by, with, from, (etc.) you

Second person plural pronoun - vos, vester

This pronoun represents the word you in the plural form. Or, if you're from the South, like me, it means "y'all." In other parts of the U.S., it means "you guys," "you all" or something else. Different people have different ways of saying it, but the point is, it's what you call two or more people when you're talking to them.

Nominative	*vos* you/y'all/you guys (as the subject of a verb)
Genitive	*vester* of you/y'all/you guys, yours/y'all's/you guys'
Dative	*vobis* to/for you/y'all/you guys
Accusative	vos you/y'all/you guys (object of a verb)
Ablative	*vobis* by, with, from, (etc.) you/y'all/you guys

There are also five adjectives that come from the genitive forms of these pronouns. Make sure you know these!

meus, mea, meum: of me, my/mine
noster, nostra, nostrum: of us, our/ours
tuus, tua, tuum: of you, you/yours (singular)
vester, vestra, vestrum: of you/y'all/you guys, yours/y'all's/you guys'

Third person pronoun - is, ea, id

This pronoun represents words like he, she, and it. You know whether to translate he, she, or it by looking at the antecedent - not the pronoun. This is because a feminine pronoun could be referring to a feminine word for an object, and likewise with a masculine pronoun. For example, the Latin word for "table," mensa, mensae, is feminine, but you would want to call a table "it," not "she." You also would want to refer to a shoe as "it," not "he" - the word for shoe, pes, pedis, is masculine. Luckily, a neuter pronoun always refers to a thing, so if you see a pronoun that you're sure is neuter, you can translate it as "it." And remember, the gender of the pronoun is always the same as the gender of the antecedent.

Singular

	Masculine ♂	Feminine ♀	Neuter ⚲
Nominative	is he (or it)	ea she (or it)	id it (subject of a verb)
Genitive	*eius* his/its, of him/of it	*eius* her/hers/its, of her/of it	*eius* its, of it
Dative	ei to/for him (or it)	ei to/for her (or it)	ei to/for it
Accusative	*eum* him (or it)	*eam* her (or it)	id it (object of a verb)
Ablative	eo by, with, from etc. him (or it)	ea by, with, from, etc. her (or it)	eo by, with, from, etc. it

Plural

Notice that the plurals have the same endings as first and second declension nouns, with just the letter e as the stem. The masculine has the endings of second declension masculine; the feminine has the endings of first declension, which is almost always feminine; the neuter has the endings of second declension neuter. So, the plural is a lot easier! (The forms in the parentheses are how the pronouns could sometimes appear.)

Also, take note of this:

The masculine plural refers to a group of either people or things with at least one man/boy or masculine thing in it. It doesn't matter if the group is all women except one man; grammatically, the group is still considered masculine. I know that's pretty sexist, but the Romans were sexist, just like pretty much every other ancient people group.
The feminine plural refers to a group that only consists of women/girls or feminine things. If there is a single man or masculine thing in the group, the group is considered masculine and is referred to by the masculine pronoun.
The neuter plural refers to a group that only consists of neuter things.

	Masculine ♂	Feminine ♀	Neuter ⚲
Nominative	ei (ii) them	eae them	ea them / those things
Genitive	*eorum* theirs/of them	*earum* theirs/of them	*eorum* theirs/of them, of those things
Dative	*eis (iis)* to/for them	eis (iis) to/for them	*eis (iis)* to/for them or those things
Accusative	*eos* them	*eas* them	ea them / those things
Ablative	*eis (iis)* by, with, from, etc. them	*eis (iis)* by, with, from, etc. them	eis (iis) by, with, from, etc. them or those things